I used to donate back in college.
1. You can donate twice in a 7 day period and there has to be a 2 day rest period in between each.
2. They paid depending on your weight. The more you weight the more they can take. I think at the place I went. Low end was $15/20 for first and second visit. I think I made $20/30. They also usually offer some extra money for new donors, say an extra $10 on your 5th donation. It just all depends on the place I believe.
3. Mine had an ATM where you input the code and you received cash.
4. Mine was just a plasma donation. I've never looked into other parts.
5. The procedure depends on you and how busy they are. For me 60-90 minutes was good. Usually it takes more than an hour. It also depends on how much you're donating and how busy they are. If there are a bunch of people in front of you it can easily take over 2 hours. Also it depends on how quickly you are running. If you have come prepared, drank lots of water, ate a decent meal before hand, etc... Then your blood could be pumping pretty quickly and therefore you much take less time on the machine.
There are some things that can go wrong. The place is really good about taking care of it. I once had a bad stick and received a decent sized hematoma which lasted almost a week and they had to use my opposite arm. I've seen people get dizzy and light headed. Never saw anyone throw up or have to be taken to the hospital.
I'm sure I can give you more information if you want. I donated twice a week for a few years. The place I went to was
CSL Plasma.