Yes - these are the NPCs in each city (bards) which can tell you, indirectly, your fame level:
San d'Oria: 'Namonutice', South Sandoria (K-6)
Basok: 'Falco', Port Bastok (E-6)
Windurst: 'Zabirego-Hajigo' Windurst Waters (F-10)
When you speak with them, they will reply with a sentence that relates to your fame level. Nobody has accuired a list of all of the sentences (to my knowledge), so you won't be able to say for sure what level of fame you're at - but you can get a general idea.
There are 9 ranks, starting with something like 'I have never heard of you' going to 'You are very famous in our kingdom!' basically. The sentences differ for each kingdom.